It was also clear that the standard SDME approach is not feasible for sampling in real-life conditions because environmental factors such as wind, non-homogeneous temperature distributions,etc. will result in unacceptable drop losses. To test the effects of these conditions, a new screening experimental design was applied in which the varied experimental factors were wind speed (0–15 m/s), temperature (10–30 ◦C) and relative humidity (50–95%).
The concentration measured for each technique was compared with the known concentration to assess their robustness. Standard SDME was sensitive to variations in all the parameters, since no drop was stable with increasing wind speed (WS), temperature (SA) or humidity (RH).
The other two approaches were found to be insensitive to different wind speed