OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UP
The child improved in 7-8 days with discontinuation of dom peridone. There was no recurrence at 1 month follow-up
DISCUSSION
Domperidone is a commonly prescribed antiemetic drug with rare side effects. However, its judicious u has been advised by Health Canada in March 2012 due to its possible lethal side effects such as sudden cardiac death and serious arrhythmias especially when prescribed in doses greater than 30 mg day to 13-15 Extrapyramidal side effects individuals over 60 years old such as dystonias, parkinsonism, akathisia and tardive dyskinae- which are side effects of dopamine antagonists, usually psychotic drugs, are very rare side effects of domperidone and are either seen in infants and very young children due to poorly developed blood-brain barrier or in older individuals with dementia. We report a case of domperidone-induced oroman- dibular dystonia, a type of focal dystonia in a 13-year-old child This child improved after discontinuation of the culprit drug search, we found few On literature reports case domperidone-induced extrapyramidal symptoms especially dys and tardive dyskinaesia. 18 The diagnosis of 16 tonias drug-induced dystonia is usually clinical and is made on the basis of history of intake of a drug known to cause this extrapyr- amidal symptom. So awareness of even rare side effects of a drug is important to make this diagnosis. Proper physical exam ination with good medical history especially of a drug or drugs taken by the patient in the near past and any history similar side effects to drugs is essential. A negative family history of similar symptoms is also helpful to exclude primary dystonia. To establish the causal relationship between domperidone and dys tonia we applied the Naranjo algorithm and score of five indi cated a "probable' relationship in our case. With WHO Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria, this adverse reaction had "certain relationship with domperidone administration. The temporal relationship between administration of domperidone and onset and its disappearance with discontinuation of the of dyston drug suggested this relationship. We did not try rechallenge with the troublesome nature of this reaction domperidone due to usually Fortunately, drug-induced acute dystonias are usually reversible 19 Their treatment is mostly simple and very effective Parenteral administration of anticholinergics such as beztropine or diphenhydramine is reported to reverse drug-induced dysto nias promptly. histamines having anticholinergic action are also, such as promethazine, helpful; they inhibit the neurotrans mitter acetylcholine level in the brain. In some cases pines are found to be useful. Usually, anticholinergic drugs are continued for a week to prevent recurrence 21 Injecting botu linum toxin in affected muscles to relieve spasm, pallidotomy or deep brain stimulation are other modalities of treatment in refractory dystonias. 11 he child in our presentation improved after discontinuation of domperidone and was prescribed pro- methazine 25 mg three times a day for 5 days. Drug-induced dystonia usually quickly improves with medication and this child recovered gradually in 7-8 days. There was no recurrence at 1 month follow-up. Sustained release form possibly pro longed the action of domperidone. Although dystonias are not usually life threatening, they are life altering and troublesome 19 for patients and family members, so judicious use of the drug is advised.
ผลและติดตามผล เด็ก 7-8 วันหยุดของ dom peridone ขึ้น มีคือการเกิดขึ้นประจำไม่มีเวลาติดตามผล 1 เดือนอภิปราย Domperidone is a commonly prescribed antiemetic drug with rare side effects. However, its judicious u has been advised by Health Canada in March 2012 due to its possible lethal side effects such as sudden cardiac death and serious arrhythmias especially when prescribed in doses greater than 30 mg day to 13-15 Extrapyramidal side effects individuals over 60 years old such as dystonias, parkinsonism, akathisia and tardive dyskinae- which are side effects of dopamine antagonists, usually psychotic drugs, are very rare side effects of domperidone and are either seen in infants and very young children due to poorly developed blood-brain barrier or in older individuals with dementia. We report a case of domperidone-induced oroman- dibular dystonia, a type of focal dystonia in a 13-year-old child This child improved after discontinuation of the culprit drug search, we found few On literature reports case domperidone-induced extrapyramidal symptoms especially dys and tardive dyskinaesia. 18 The diagnosis of 16 tonias drug-induced dystonia is usually clinical and is made on the basis of history of intake of a drug known to cause this extrapyr- amidal symptom. So awareness of even rare side effects of a drug is important to make this diagnosis. Proper physical exam ination with good medical history especially of a drug or drugs taken by the patient in the near past and any history similar side effects to drugs is essential. A negative family history of similar symptoms is also helpful to exclude primary dystonia. To establish the causal relationship between domperidone and dys tonia we applied the Naranjo algorithm and score of five indi cated a "probable' relationship in our case. With WHO Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria, this adverse reaction had "certain relationship with domperidone administration. The temporal relationship between administration of domperidone and onset and its disappearance with discontinuation of the of dyston drug suggested this relationship. We did not try rechallenge with the troublesome nature of this reaction domperidone due to usually Fortunately, drug-induced acute dystonias are usually reversible 19 Their treatment is mostly simple and very effective Parenteral administration of anticholinergics such as beztropine or diphenhydramine is reported to reverse drug-induced dysto nias promptly. histamines having anticholinergic action are also, such as promethazine, helpful; they inhibit the neurotrans mitter acetylcholine level in the brain. In some cases pines are found to be useful. Usually, anticholinergic drugs are continued for a week to prevent recurrence 21 Injecting botu linum toxin in affected muscles to relieve spasm, pallidotomy or deep brain stimulation are other modalities of treatment in refractory dystonias. 11 he child in our presentation improved after discontinuation of domperidone and was prescribed pro- methazine 25 mg three times a day for 5 days. Drug-induced dystonia usually quickly improves with medication and this child recovered gradually in 7-8 days. There was no recurrence at 1 month follow-up. Sustained release form possibly pro longed the action of domperidone. Although dystonias are not usually life threatening, they are life altering and troublesome 19 for patients and family members, so judicious use of the drug is advised.
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