Although hydrometallurgical processes are robust and techni- cally mature, and proven to be suitable for material extraction and purification of pre-processed PV module wastes, many process steps are necessary until separation of the target metals and dif- ferent combinations of process steps have to be adapted according to the target material to recover. Although it is suggested that pyrometallurgical processes can be used for recovering metals from PV modules [37], they are not currently suitable for industrial application due to the requirements of quantity and conditions of feed (e.g. concentration of target metals, content of heavy metals or content of contraries, which disturb the process).