Impacts to humans
• Increase in heatwave intensity and heat stress, putting
vulnerable populations, such as the aged, at risk
• Increased likelihood of infectious and vector and
water-borne diseases
• Expansion of dengue fever into Hokkaido
• Increased allergies and allergy-related diseases
• Increased cost of living and protection from more
extreme weather events
• 67 to 70% increase in wind-related losses from more
intense typhoons
• Deteriorated freshwater systems and increases
in chemical nutrients affecting fish production and
harvests from warming temperatures and changes in
precipitation
• 1.2 to 3.2% increase in the demand for water supply
(with a 3°C warming