ARCHEOLOGY
In Africa, the first archeological remains of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens, have been dated to 130 000 years BP, and the development of behaviorially modern humans was apparently completed 60 000–40 000 years ago.
As we shall come back to below, language could not develop until our ancestors had acquired certain anatomical features, while, on the other hand, certain behavioral features are difficult to imagine in a society without language. Necessary anatomical features are what we call articulatory organs – that is, among other things, a mouth, and and throat of a certain shape – a minimum brain size, while art is an important behavioral feature.