We now explore a third method of proof: proof by contradiction.
This method is not limited to proving just conditional statements—
it can be used to prove any kind of statement whatsoever. The basic idea
is to assume that the statement we want to prove is false, and then show
that this assumption leads to nonsense. We are then led to conclude that
we were wrong to assume the statement was false, so the statement must
be true. As an example, consider the following proposition and its proof.