We investigated quality of life (QOL) and work performance of hypnotics users, and explored
the factors associated with multiple hypnotics usage in shift work nurses.
Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey on nurses in university hospitals.
We analyzed responses from 1202 nurses; 997 were female shift work nurses (82.9%), including 696
and 281 two- and three-shift workers, respectively.
Results: The rate of hypnotics use was 10% (6.9% were single hypnotic users and 3.1% were multiple hypnotics
users). The rate of insomnia did not differ between the single and multiple hypnotics users. However,
multiple hypnotics users showed lower QOL, more severe depressive symptoms, and greater frequencies
of work-related errors than those using a single hypnotic. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed
that age ≥27 years, presence of depression, eveningness chronotype, and presence of insomnia symptoms
were significantly associated with hypnotics use. On the other hand, only the existence of shift work
disorder (SWD) was significantly associated with usage of multiple hypnotics.
Conclusions: The present study suggested that usage of multiple hypnotics is not beneficial for relieving
insomnia or for keeping better QOL in shift work nurses. It would be desirable to explore the causal
relationship between SWD and multiple hypnotics use in a future longitudinal study.