(unprofessional employee recruitment and selection; limited orientation and
training; limited opportunity for career development and promotion; low pay
and benefits; absence of overtime payments; low job security; absence of
employee empowerment and participation; “hierarchical,” “autocratic,” and
harsh styles of supervisors and management; routine and monotonous jobs;
harassment and bullying; low job security and stability; limited career
management and prospects; long, irregular, and unsocial hours of work; familyunfriendly
work shifts; no or unprofessional employee performance appraisal;
poor physical work conditions for employees use; demanding managers and
supervisors; poor coworker attitudes; night and weekend schedules; heavy
workload and stress; high rates of work-related injuries, work-related illness,
and violence; labor shortages; lack of time for family; and low quality of life)