Are there other characteristics that make schools more or less effective for their students? Michael Rutter conducted a long term study in London on t secondary schools, These schools had low- and lower middle income students. The students took achievement tests when they started school and again when they finished. In addition, Rutter looked at the characteristics of the high schools He found four factors that relate to effective schooling: student body composition, academic emphasis, classroom management, and discipline. In short, his results show that better organization, a clear focus on academic goals, and authoritative teachers all make for more effective education