There is great variation in the effects that an invasive species will have throughout its exotic range, dependent upon the abiotic suitability of the habitat and the local co-existing biota [42], [43], [44].The impacts of A. gracilipes on Nu’utele varied greatly with season, but were consistent with knowledge of its impacts globally, and largely consistent for invasive ants generally. First, impacts are density dependent, with greatest negative effects occurring when invasive ant densities are highest. The serious negative consequences of this ant on land crabs is well documented from Christmas Island [25], but these crab deaths only occur at high ant densities (card counts greater than 38; Parks Australia North unpublished data) such as those found here during the May sample. Also, [45] found hermit crabs on Tokelau could not persist in areas where ant counts on individual cards exceeded 25. Invasive ant impacts on native ant communities are also dependent upon the density of the invasive ant, with greatest impacts where the invader has highest population densities [39], [46], [47].