Materials and methods
We surveyed 931 farms that supply to 30 sugar factories across Java for
species of stalk borers during April 2008–April 2009. Of these farms, 620, 226 and
85 belonged to the main three regions of East, Central and West Java, respectively. In
one field on each farm, all plants in ten 10-metre transects were checked for
symptoms of moth borer infestation.
Fields examined represented a range of crop ages (in months), crop classes
(plant cane or ratoon crops) and management systems (factory-managed or growermanaged),
and covered all sugarcane growing regions in Java. Plants showing boring
symptoms either in the leaf, shoot, stalk or the growing point were recorded. Shoots,
stalks and growing points were dissected and the pest species responsible for the
Sallam N et al. Proc Aust Soc Sugar Cane Technol Vol 32 2010
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183
detected damage was identified directly or, if no borer was found, by the feeding
pattern on the leaves, the shape of the feeding tunnel, the shape of the exit hole and
the presence or absence of a dead heart. Any borer larvae collected were taken to the
laboratory and bred out until they produced an adult moth or a parasitoid, in which
case the parasitoid was identified and rate of parasitism recorded.
Materials and methodsWe surveyed 931 farms that supply to 30 sugar factories across Java forspecies of stalk borers during April 2008–April 2009. Of these farms, 620, 226 and85 belonged to the main three regions of East, Central and West Java, respectively. Inone field on each farm, all plants in ten 10-metre transects were checked forsymptoms of moth borer infestation.Fields examined represented a range of crop ages (in months), crop classes(plant cane or ratoon crops) and management systems (factory-managed or growermanaged),and covered all sugarcane growing regions in Java. Plants showing boringsymptoms either in the leaf, shoot, stalk or the growing point were recorded. Shoots,stalks and growing points were dissected and the pest species responsible for the Sallam N et al. Proc Aust Soc Sugar Cane Technol Vol 32 2010__________________________________________________________________________183detected damage was identified directly or, if no borer was found, by the feedingpattern on the leaves, the shape of the feeding tunnel, the shape of the exit hole andthe presence or absence of a dead heart. Any borer larvae collected were taken to thelaboratory and bred out until they produced an adult moth or a parasitoid, in whichcase the parasitoid was identified and rate of parasitism recorded.
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