Type of factor Examples
1. pupils’ personal characteristics Age, sex, prior achievement
2. Family structure family size, lone parent status
3. Socio-economic parental unemployment, low income, car ownership, social class, housing
4. Educational parents’ Educational qualifications, parents’ school-leaving age
5. Ethniccity/language Ethnic group and level of fluency
6. Other Mobility of pupils at school or of local population, population density, school characteristics, pupils with statements of special educational needs.