The negative image that emerges in the wake of security incidents is a result of two
major forces operating simultaneously: the media and the governmental travel
advisories.
■ When concerted and well-coordinated efforts took place, involving international
organizations, as well as regional-national bodies and national tourism organizations
in the 2002–2003 tourism crisis, they proved to yield a fast and effective
recovery process.
■ Contingency marketing plans can shorten the time lag between tourism crisis situations
and actual recovery trends.
■ Private-public cooperation with strong governmental commitment to tourism is
vital for successful and rapid recovery from security oriented tourism crises.