Anaerobic–Anoxic–Oxic (AA/O) wastewater treatment process
is a widely used wastewater treatment process for simultaneous
nitrogen and phosphorus removal (Wang et al., 2011). However,
due to the lack of carbon sources in municipal sewage, it is difficult
to achieve high removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus
together. Microbial fuel cell (MFC), as a novel technology in both