Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) improves neurologicaloutcomes and can prevent severe brain damage aftercardiac arrest.1,2 Beneficial effects of MTH have also been demonstratedin several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in newborninfants with perinatal asphyxia,3–6 whereas a recent RCTcould not show significant effects of hypothermia between targetedtemperature management (36C) and TH (33C) with overall goodneurological outcome.7 The efficacy of MTH has also been studiedin patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).8–12 However,the outcomes of these RCTs were conflicting, possibly because ofthe significant pathophysiological complexity and variability ofthis disease. Additionally, two well-designed RCTs in adults andchildren did not show favorable outcomes with the use of MTH inpatients with severe TBI.13,14 Although the overall results of theNational Acute Brain Injury Study: Hypothermia (NABISH) studywere negative,13 subsequent analyses identified several factors thatmight improve the effects of MTH for treating patients with TBI inclinical settings. These factors included the time to reach the target