it is evident that microbial reduction following a 50 °C heat treatment alone was much greater than that of ozone treatment at 25 °C, but the combination treatment at 50 °C was more effective than the 50 °C heat treatment alone, and this trend was observed for all pathogens. InFigs. 2–4(c), pathogens were greatly inactivated by the 55 °C heat treatment alone. Therefore, there were no significant differences in pathogen reduction between the 55 °C heat treatment
alone and the combination treatment for 60 s except inE. coliO157:H7. In other words, bothS.Typhimurium andL. monocytogeneswere reduced to below the detection limit (1.0 log CFU/ml) after both heat only and combination treatments for 60 s.