The difference between difference accounting standards have been researched by Bartov, Goldberg and Kim (2005). They have compared German-GAAP, IFRS and 6 US-GAAP and concluded that US-GAAP produced the higher quality earnings number. Goncharov and Zimmerman (2006) showed that there was less evidence of earnings management under US-GAAP and IFRS compared to German-GAAP.