Vision remained occluded until after all
measurements had been taken, the resting golf ball had
been removed from the field and the golfer had been
guided to the next starting position. Although not very
‘natural’, it was our belief that the effectiveness and
consistency of the experimental manipulations would
be stronger if information about the outcome of the shot
was eliminated, since post-action feedback is generally
acknowledged to be a leading contributor to trial-totrial
changes in motor behaviour.