The secondary outcomes were continence status and quality
of life after exercise intervention. The severity of urinary incontinence
was measured using a 24-hour pad test. “Urinary
continence” was defined as a loss of 1 g on a 24-hour pad test.
In addition, subjective incontinence symptoms were checked by
an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.10,11
General health-related quality of life was assessed
using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health
survey (SF-36),12 a 36-item questionnaire that can be divided
into physical and mental components. For the assessment of
depression, the Beck Depression Inventory13 was used.