For such divisionalization of what here have been called fixed work activities in fact distorts the basic purpose of quality-control organization, as discussed in Section 8.10. Top management no longer has, in its quality-control function, a device whereby it delegates authority and responsibility for product quality, thus relieving itself of unnecessary detail and permitting the benefits of specialization while retaining for itself the means for assuring that quality results will be satisfactory for top management’s standards and policies. In substance, top management has no such device.