ABSTRACTThis study was designed to examine the nutritional composition, antioxidant activityand medium lethal concentration (LC50 value) of Tamarindus indica L. pulp and seedextracts in vitro. The extraction was set at 40°C, 60°C and 100°C for 12 hours, 6 hoursand 15 minutes respectively to determine the optimum extraction parameter whereasthe anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was measured using iron (III) reduction (FRAP)assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was estimated as gallic acidequivalent by Folin-Ciocalteau method. Toxicity potential of the extract was assessedin vitro by Artemia salina lethality test both in seed and pulp samples. The results showedthat tamarind seed contained a higher percentage of carbohydrate, protein, fat andenergy (15%, 82%, 95% and 33.13% respectively) than the pulp. On the other hand, thepulp demonstrated a high moisture (51.1%) and ash (34.84%) content than the seed. Forthe mineral analysis, tamarind seed contained higher Ca and C (1.0% and 50.73%respectively) than the pulp (0.27% and 40.40% respectively). No heavy metals weredetected in both samples. Seed extracted at 60°C/6 hours and 100°C/15 minutes showedthe highest TPC value and were significantly different (p<0.05) than the seed extractedat 40°C/12 hours. Anti-oxidant activity is positively correlated to the TPC value of theextracts (R=0.991). The pulp and seed extracted at 100°C/15 minutes showed the highestFRAP value among its groups (216.17 ± 14.06 µmol (Fe)/g and 659.74 ± 16.40 μmol (Fe)/g respectively). This study indicates that tamarind pulp and seed extracts possessbeneficial antioxidant properties and the optimum extraction parameter is 100°C for 15minutes. In Artemia salina lethality test, tamarind pulp caused significant mortality ofthe crustacean larvae with LC50 in the range of 26-28 μL/mL. Tamarind seed were nottoxic to Artemia salina since the LC50 of the extracts was higher than 1000 μL/mL.
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