If widely held corporations do assess the present value of riskless future corporate cashflows by discounting after corporate-tax cash flows at the before-tax riskless interest rate, then the corporation may appear to “underinvest” from the point of view of its high marginal tax rate shareholders. From the point of view of society as a whole, it is less clear that an underinvestment problem would exist, as the corporate tax itself can be viewed as correcting an “overinvestment” inclination occasioned by corporate limited liability (John et al., 1991).