5. Conclusion
In conclusion, caffeine increased the effect of all the studied drugs (venlafaxine, milnacipran, bupropion, moclobemide) in the FST in mice without affecting the locomotor activity. A significant reduction in the immobility time in the FST in animal groups which were co-administered caffeine and antidepressant may be associated with the changes in the levels of monoamines in the CNS. The determination of drug concentrations in mouse serum and brain homogenates indicates that the interactions of caffeine with venlafaxine, bupropion, and moclobemide occur in pharmacodynamic phase, whereas the interaction of caffeine–milnacipran occurs, at least partially, in pharma-cokinetic phase, because caffeine affected the concentrations of milnacipran in murine serum.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
5. ConclusionIn conclusion, caffeine increased the effect of all the studied drugs (venlafaxine, milnacipran, bupropion, moclobemide) in the FST in mice without affecting the locomotor activity. A significant reduction in the immobility time in the FST in animal groups which were co-administered caffeine and antidepressant may be associated with the changes in the levels of monoamines in the CNS. The determination of drug concentrations in mouse serum and brain homogenates indicates that the interactions of caffeine with venlafaxine, bupropion, and moclobemide occur in pharmacodynamic phase, whereas the interaction of caffeine–milnacipran occurs, at least partially, in pharma-cokinetic phase, because caffeine affected the concentrations of milnacipran in murine serum.Conflict of interest statementThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
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