Of the 3,077 supervisors who were invited to participate,
804 (26.1 %) participated in the study. Eight supervisors
were excluded, as they did not supervise at least one
employee. This brought the total sample size for analysis to
796. Approximately three quarters of supervisors were
male, nearly half were US residents, and the mean age was
46 years (SD 9.6, range 19–69) (Table 1). The majority of
supervisors were frontline supervisors who completed postsecondary
education and supervised workers who were not
unionized. The mean numbers of years with the company
and as supervisor were both 14 (SD 9.9, range 0–45; SD
9.7, range 0–39, respectively).