As reported in previous editions of the Review of Maritime Transport, the HNS Convention, originally adopted in 1996, was amended in 2010 in an effort to overcome a number of perceived obstacles to ratification. However, despite the recognized importance of an international liability and compensation regime for HNS carried by sea (UNCTAD, 2012a), to date no State has ratified the HNS Convention as amended in 2010. As a result, it is not clear if and when the 2010 HNS Convention will enter into force and an important gap in the global liability and compensation framework remains.53 It may be recalled that a comprehensive and robust international liability and compensation regime is in place in respect
of oil pollution from tankers (the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund regime),54 while liability and compensation for bunker oil pollution from ships other than tankers is also effectively regulated in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunker Oil Pollution Convention).