Our analysis of the past decade of experience
for the industrial countries suggests that IT has
played a role in anchoring inflation expectations
and in reducing inflation persistence. Of course,
because we have focused on reduced-form evidence,
we have not addressed the extent to which certain
country-specific factors may account for the differences
we have documented across IT and non-IT
economies. For example, many of the IT countries
in our sample are small, open economies, which
might be expected to have very different inflation
dynamics from the large, mostly closed economies
that dominate our non-IT sample.
Nevertheless, our results are broadly consistent
with the implications of the expectations-augmented
Phillips curve:
(3) ,
where πˆt+1 is the one-period-ahead forecast of inflation,
yt is the current output gap, and εt is an aggregate
supply shock. When the central bank has an
transparent and credible inflation target, π*, then
the private sector’s inflation forecast corresponds
to πˆt+j
=π* at some reasonable forecast horizon, j.
In this case, actual inflation will depend on expected
output gaps over the next j periods and on the current
aggregate supply shock. Thus, inflation will tend
to exhibit relatively little intrinsic persistence in response to transitory supply shocks; the observed
degree of inflation persistence may depend largely
on the persistence of output gap fluctuations. As a
result, under IT, a key challenge for the central bank
may be to keep output close to potential by moving
promptly to offset aggregate demand shocks.
In contrast, if the central bank’s inflation objective
is not transparent or credible, the private sector’s
rational forecast of medium-to-long-run inflation
will depend on the recent behavior of actual inflation
(cf. Erceg and Levin, 2003). For the simplest case in
which πˆt+1=πˆt–1, it is evident that inflation will tend
to exhibit a high degree of intrinsic persistence,
even in response to temporary supply shocks or
fluctuations in aggregate demand.32
Our investigation of the early experience with
IT in EMEs confirms that—as in the industrial countries—the
adoption of IT has generally not been
associated with an instantaneous adjustment of
inflation expectations. Furthermore, while most of
these EMEs have succeeded in reducing average inflation
to very low levels, the volatility of inflation has
remained quite high, with relatively frequent overshooting
and undershooting of the target bands.
Such volatility is not necessarily surprising, given
that most of the EMEs are small and highly sensitive
to global economic fluctuations. Thus, additional
research and experience will be helpful in finetuning
the implementation of IT and ensuring its
positive contribution to macroeconomic stability
Our analysis of the past decade of experience
for the industrial countries suggests that IT has
played a role in anchoring inflation expectations
and in reducing inflation persistence. Of course,
because we have focused on reduced-form evidence,
we have not addressed the extent to which certain
country-specific factors may account for the differences
we have documented across IT and non-IT
economies. For example, many of the IT countries
in our sample are small, open economies, which
might be expected to have very different inflation
dynamics from the large, mostly closed economies
that dominate our non-IT sample.
Nevertheless, our results are broadly consistent
with the implications of the expectations-augmented
Phillips curve:
(3) ,
where πˆt+1 is the one-period-ahead forecast of inflation,
yt is the current output gap, and εt is an aggregate
supply shock. When the central bank has an
transparent and credible inflation target, π*, then
the private sector’s inflation forecast corresponds
to πˆt+j
=π* at some reasonable forecast horizon, j.
In this case, actual inflation will depend on expected
output gaps over the next j periods and on the current
aggregate supply shock. Thus, inflation will tend
to exhibit relatively little intrinsic persistence in response to transitory supply shocks; the observed
degree of inflation persistence may depend largely
on the persistence of output gap fluctuations. As a
result, under IT, a key challenge for the central bank
may be to keep output close to potential by moving
promptly to offset aggregate demand shocks.
In contrast, if the central bank’s inflation objective
is not transparent or credible, the private sector’s
rational forecast of medium-to-long-run inflation
will depend on the recent behavior of actual inflation
(cf. Erceg and Levin, 2003). For the simplest case in
which πˆt+1=πˆt–1, it is evident that inflation will tend
to exhibit a high degree of intrinsic persistence,
even in response to temporary supply shocks or
fluctuations in aggregate demand.32
Our investigation of the early experience with
IT in EMEs confirms that—as in the industrial countries—the
adoption of IT has generally not been
associated with an instantaneous adjustment of
inflation expectations. Furthermore, while most of
these EMEs have succeeded in reducing average inflation
to very low levels, the volatility of inflation has
remained quite high, with relatively frequent overshooting
and undershooting of the target bands.
Such volatility is not necessarily surprising, given
that most of the EMEs are small and highly sensitive
to global economic fluctuations. Thus, additional
research and experience will be helpful in finetuning
the implementation of IT and ensuring its
positive contribution to macroeconomic stability
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
