5.87 log CFU/mL which produced lactic acid concentration at only 20.29 g/L. These results could infer a
decrease in cell activity as reported by [13]. Therefore, to improve lactic acid production efficiency in the
repeated-batch and SSF of SCW by L. plantarum MSUL 702, cell immobilization should be studied to
increase the initial cell concentration in the subsequent batches. In addition, further study in the use of lactic
acid bacterial cells obtained from the drainage of fermentation process as probiotics in animal feed is
recommended for environmental friendly production of lactic acid.