alone. This result might be partly attributable to the relatively short duration of treatment (12 weeks). However, the benefit of squat training in addition to WBV exercise remains uncertain. Our positive outcome (WBV exercise plus squat training versus WBV exercise alone) might have been related to the longer period of treatment (6 months) and performance of adequate WBV exercise plus squat training as instructed by experts. Thus, it is recommended that physicians prescribe exercise therapy with WBV exercise plus squat training, rather than WBV exercise alone, in elderly adults.