Theorem 5 E2DCFPL - REC [2] 6= φ. In particular E2DCFPL - LOC [2]6= φ. Proof. The picture array language L consisting of arrays M = M1◦c◦M1 whereM1 is a string overa (M is a picture array with only onerow)is in the class E2DCFPL.Infactit isgeneratedbyaE2DCFPGwithacolumntableconsisting of the rule C → aCa and another table consisting of the rule C → c. But L isknown[2]tobenotinRECandhence not in LOC.