Seeds of the hybrid cauliflower variety, ‘Sonia’ (Doctor Seeds Pvt. Ltd., Ludhiana, India), from the March maturity group and suitable for the latewinter season, were used by farmers for planting both treatments. Seeds were planted at a rate of 0.3e0.4 kg seed/ha. For the non-IPM treatment, seeds were treated with carbendazim 50 WP at 1 g a.i./kg seed. For the IPM treatment, seeds were treated with T. harzianum at 4 g/kg of seed, and by imidacloprid 70 WS at 3.5 g a.i./kg of seed for management of P. debaryanum and L. erysimi, respectively. In the nursery stage, observations were made on 100 plants from a 1-m2 sampling area just prior to transplanting (~35 days after planting), and the numb