new research and field studies on local transit economics (Limao, 2001; Faye et al., 2004; Collier, 2007; Arvis et al., 2011, UNCTAD 2013,) show that the unreliability of the transit logistics system is the greatest impediment faced by manufacturers in
landlocked developing countries as they attempt to enter value chains at both the regional and global levels. Other findings are briefly discussed here.