Access to energy is critical to sustainable development.
Currently, approximately 1.2 billion people (i.e., 20% of the world’s population) have no access to electricity, which impacts the fulfillment of their basic modern life.
Thus, future energy demands are expected to increase. Moreover, conventional fossil-based energy accounts for 66% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
To limit global warming to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, global GHG emissions must be reduced to half of the 1990s levels by the middle of the century.
Adopting renewable energy (RE) has quickly emerged as an important solution to mitigating climate change.