This paper considers what kind of managerial compensation contract is optimal for mitigating
the moral hazard decision regarding investment timing. We examine the situation where the
personal objectives of managers do not align with those of shareholders and where there is the
possibility of project liquidation but where managerial compensation is endogenously
determined. Using a real options approach, we show that restricted stock is optimal relative
to stock options under various circumstances. However, we also suggest that stock options are
more likely to be used instead of, or in addition to, restricted stock in firms with new debt
financing and more impatient managers, diversified firms involving more complicated
business activities, and firms with weaker corporate governance. In addition, we find that
project start-up is more likely to be deterred by the greater likelihood of project liquidation
and larger managerial effort cost, whereas the amount of stock-based managerial compensation
is independent of the probability of liquidation but is increasing in managerial effort cost.
This paper considers what kind of managerial compensation contract is optimal for mitigatingthe moral hazard decision regarding investment timing. We examine the situation where thepersonal objectives of managers do not align with those of shareholders and where there is thepossibility of project liquidation but where managerial compensation is endogenouslydetermined. Using a real options approach, we show that restricted stock is optimal relativeto stock options under various circumstances. However, we also suggest that stock options aremore likely to be used instead of, or in addition to, restricted stock in firms with new debtfinancing and more impatient managers, diversified firms involving more complicatedbusiness activities, and firms with weaker corporate governance. In addition, we find thatproject start-up is more likely to be deterred by the greater likelihood of project liquidationand larger managerial effort cost, whereas the amount of stock-based managerial compensationis independent of the probability of liquidation but is increasing in managerial effort cost.
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