This means that the three basic principles of protection from radiation, i.e., “justification principle,” “limitation principle” and “optimization principle” should be followed.[12]
The justification principle means that if relevant information cannot be obtained without radiographs, only then we must consider their use. This principle also states that also suggests that if the patient cannot cope with the procedure, no radiographs should be taken. The limitation principle states that the radiation dose should always be kept as low as reasonably achievable for all patients. Thirdly, there is the ‘‘optimization principle,’’ which states that best diagnostic images should be obtained keeping in mind the aforesaid principles.[12]
The major advantages of CBCT in pediatric patients arise from lesser scan time and less complicated apparatus, which reduces anxiety in children. Images obtained with CBCT are highly magnified, with less distortion. A major advantage of CBCT as compared to conventional CT is the reduced dosage. Though, CBCT has higher dose as compared with intra-oral radiography, the range of dose reduction is between 96% and 51% compared with conventional head CT[13] [Table 1].
Further, total annual effective doses from natural radiation sources to the Indian population residing in normal background areas work out to be 2.299 mSv/year.[14]
Theodorakou et al. estimated the average organ and effective doses using two pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms for a range of CBCT units and imaging protocols and the preliminary results showed that the effective doses ranged from 5 to 99 μSv for the 10 year old phantom and from 4 to 63 μSv for the adolescent phantom. The effective doses for the 10 year old phantom were higher than those of the adolescent phantom for most of the CBCT units and imaging protocols.[15] However, doses of such range may not be considered higher for a single exposure. Further reduction in exposure dosage can be achieved with using proper protection against radiation hazards and collimated beam.[16]
This means that the three basic principles of protection from radiation, i.e., “justification principle,” “limitation principle” and “optimization principle” should be followed.[12]The justification principle means that if relevant information cannot be obtained without radiographs, only then we must consider their use. This principle also states that also suggests that if the patient cannot cope with the procedure, no radiographs should be taken. The limitation principle states that the radiation dose should always be kept as low as reasonably achievable for all patients. Thirdly, there is the ‘‘optimization principle,’’ which states that best diagnostic images should be obtained keeping in mind the aforesaid principles.[12]The major advantages of CBCT in pediatric patients arise from lesser scan time and less complicated apparatus, which reduces anxiety in children. Images obtained with CBCT are highly magnified, with less distortion. A major advantage of CBCT as compared to conventional CT is the reduced dosage. Though, CBCT has higher dose as compared with intra-oral radiography, the range of dose reduction is between 96% and 51% compared with conventional head CT[13] [Table 1].Further, total annual effective doses from natural radiation sources to the Indian population residing in normal background areas work out to be 2.299 mSv/year.[14]Theodorakou et al. estimated the average organ and effective doses using two pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms for a range of CBCT units and imaging protocols and the preliminary results showed that the effective doses ranged from 5 to 99 μSv for the 10 year old phantom and from 4 to 63 μSv for the adolescent phantom. The effective doses for the 10 year old phantom were higher than those of the adolescent phantom for most of the CBCT units and imaging protocols.[15] However, doses of such range may not be considered higher for a single exposure. Further reduction in exposure dosage can be achieved with using proper protection against radiation hazards and collimated beam.[16]
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