DNAs of GM crops and non-GM crops were extracted from the mixed powdered leaf samples (totally 200 mg) with CTAB method.
The DNA samples were qualified by agarose gel electrophoresis and evaluated with Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo scientific). DNA concentration of each sample was adjusted to a final concentration of 50 ng/μL and stored at −80 °C for further experiments. Plasmids containing cry genes from Bt strains were extracted according to the plasmid-extraction protocol.
were extracted from the mixed powdered leaf samples