ABSTRACT
Solving problems associated with reproductive failure in sow herds can be a challenge.
It is critical to meet breeding targets on a routine basis, and to achieve the appropriate
farrowing rates. Reproductive failure interferes with the consistent production of pigs,
which ultimately results in the suboptimal number of pigs for market. This paper is
intended to highlight some of the challenges facing producers. Weaning provides a
natural synchronization of estrus; however, it is not uncommon for sows to fail to return
to estrus after weaning, return to estrus after seven days or fail to conceive after mating.
Three pharmacological approaches to improving post-weaning returns to estrus are
discussed with an emphasis on the role of effective management to improve the success
of any approach. In addition, feed intake during lactation also represents a critical factor
in the reproductive performance of sows. Diminished conception rates and high
pregnancy losses can be attributed to both infectious and non-infectious causes. Solving
the underlying causes of these problems often represents a major task. A diagnosis of an
infectious cause usually is straightforward unless suboptimal management is involved.
Key examples of the interactions between infectious causes and deficient management
are highlighted with cases of PCV-2 reproductive failure and post-breeding vaginal
discharges. In summary, it is critical to evaluate both infectious and management
related causes of reproductive failure.