Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals
that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This
condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron “leakage”
from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS).
ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of
cells and tissues.
To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food
derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional
therapies could be employed.
However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has
been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their
effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects.
Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant
compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers.
Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess
their overall efficacy or toxicity.
Keywords: Mitochondria, Oxidative stress, Chronic kidney disease, Antioxidant drugs, Natural plants extracts, Drugs