Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), vectored by the brown planthopper (BPH) (Delphacidae: Nilaparvata lugens), causes ragged stunt disease of rice (Oryza spp., especially Oryza sativa).[1] The virus, first described by Hibino, Ling and Shikata,[2][3][4] is also less commonly known as rice infectious gall virus.[5] RRSV has polyhedral particles c. 50 nm in diameter possessing spikes (and perhaps a complete outer shell) to a diameter of 65 nm. The particles contain double-stranded RNA in 8 segments. RRSV can only infect plants in the family Gramineae, i.e. grasses including rice. The virus can only be transmitted by BPH and is not mechanically transmitted to plants.