Communist Party Leader
Deng Xiaoping joined China’s burgeoning communist revolution, led by Mao Zedong, as a political and military organizer. He cut his revolutionary teeth on the fabled “Long March” of 1934-35 when the fledgling Chinese Communist movement escaped capture by the Nationalist Chinese Army. War broke out against Japan in 1937 and Deng served as educational leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, helping it grow into a large military machine during the Communist Revolution, 1946-49.
Mao initially praised Deng Xiaoping for his organizational skills, but he fell out of favor in the 1960s during the Cultural Revolution. Deng’s emphasis on individual self-interest did not sit well with Mao’s egalitarian policies. Deng was eventually stripped of all his posts and, with his family, exiled to the rural Jiangxi province to undergo reeducation.
A Fall from Grace and a Return to Power
In 1973, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai felt China needed Deng’s organization skills to improve the economy. Deng was reinstated and carried out a major reorganization of the government. He was soon elevated to the Politburo. Deng was widely considered to be Zhou’s successor. However, upon Zhou’s death, the Gang of Four managed to purge Deng from leadership.
After Mao’s death in 1977, the Gang of Four itself was purged and Deng Xiaoping made a political comeback. He downgraded Mao’s legacy, destroyed his opponents and banned “unofficial” organizations. As his power solidified, Deng quickly instituted new economic policies opening China to international trade and investment. This led to a peace treaty with Japan, improved relations with the USSR, official recognition by the United States, and return of control over the British Colony of Hong Kong.
Communist Party Leader
Deng Xiaoping joined China’s burgeoning communist revolution, led by Mao Zedong, as a political and military organizer. He cut his revolutionary teeth on the fabled “Long March” of 1934-35 when the fledgling Chinese Communist movement escaped capture by the Nationalist Chinese Army. War broke out against Japan in 1937 and Deng served as educational leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, helping it grow into a large military machine during the Communist Revolution, 1946-49.
Mao initially praised Deng Xiaoping for his organizational skills, but he fell out of favor in the 1960s during the Cultural Revolution. Deng’s emphasis on individual self-interest did not sit well with Mao’s egalitarian policies. Deng was eventually stripped of all his posts and, with his family, exiled to the rural Jiangxi province to undergo reeducation.
A Fall from Grace and a Return to Power
In 1973, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai felt China needed Deng’s organization skills to improve the economy. Deng was reinstated and carried out a major reorganization of the government. He was soon elevated to the Politburo. Deng was widely considered to be Zhou’s successor. However, upon Zhou’s death, the Gang of Four managed to purge Deng from leadership.
After Mao’s death in 1977, the Gang of Four itself was purged and Deng Xiaoping made a political comeback. He downgraded Mao’s legacy, destroyed his opponents and banned “unofficial” organizations. As his power solidified, Deng quickly instituted new economic policies opening China to international trade and investment. This led to a peace treaty with Japan, improved relations with the USSR, official recognition by the United States, and return of control over the British Colony of Hong Kong.
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