When considering the impacts of events, it has traditionally been the case that three individual construct - economic, social (or socio-cultural) and environmental impacts - have been examined. This is sometimes known as the triple bottom line (TBL) approach (Hede 2008). The TBL approach is beginning to gain acceptance amongst even organisers, but others have criticised it as being too restrictive (Hede 2008). Some people consider that there should be four 'pillars' of sustainability - for example, climates change should be added to the traditional three pillars of economy , society and environment (e.g. Riedy 2005) In the specific context of event management, the fourth 'pillar' of the bottom line has been decribed variously as culture, governance and policy (e.g.Teriman et al. 2009; Whitford 2009). Allen et al. (2011) noted that event impacts vary in their polarity (positive or negative) and in their duration (short term or long term). Many of the negative impacts associated with an event are of a short term nature (for the duration of the event only), and may include increased nosie, traffic congestion and waste. Conversely, some of the positive impact of events appear to have longer lasting impact - examples could include job creation or economic regeneration.