3.2. Research methodology
Two groups of students were used in the field study. The research was conducted by the same visitor-investigator, who also is a science
teacher and the creator of the cartoons application. Different instructional methods were used in each group but in both groups the same
concepts (mass, volume and density) were presented according to the current school book of Science for the 5th grade students. The first
group followed the classic instruction method. Specifically, the science teacher/investigator used the teacher’s usual methodology, which
included the theoretical explanation of the concepts in class with analytical comments regarding qualitative and quantitative examples, the
resolving of students’ queries that were asked along with problem-solving exercises whereas the students actively participated and, a ques-
tionnaire to be answered by the students. In the second group the animated cartoons multimedia application was used only, which in-
cluded the introductory story, and a questionnaire, all in the form of animated cartoons. It must be noted that questionnaires had
exactly the same questions, the same concepts were addressed and they were differentiated only in the way that questions were presented
(multimedia cartoon-style versus text-style).