Evaluative conditioning is best defined as an effect, that is, as a change in the valence of a stimulus
that results from pairing the stimulus with another stimulus. This definition has several advantages
that are made explicit in this paper. One of the advantages is that it clarifies that evaluative
conditioning can be due to multiple processes. Therefore, the conditions under which evaluative
conditioning is observed can depend on the processes that underlie a particular manifestation of
evaluative conditioning. This could explain why there are so many conflicting results about the
conditions under which evaluative conditioning can be found. Future research should adopt a
meta-conditional approach that focuses not only on whether a certain condition is crucial for
obtaining evaluative conditioning but should also examine when a certain condition is crucial.