Yilmaz et al. [55] analyzed and studied aqueous salt solutions of
NaCl and potassium chloride (KCl) as PCM for cooling applications
and cold storage systems. Cycling tests were performed in a temperature
range of 24 to 10 C. All the solutions studied showed
subcooling (Table 3).
Crystallization and agglomeration of the materials could be
important problems in phase change transitions. Bi et al. [56]
studied the crystallization process of the gas hydrate HCFC141b.
The influences of using different proportions of calcium hypochlorite
or benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt on the crystallization
process were measured, concluding that both additives can decrease
the degree of subcooling of the gas hydrate formation.
Moreover, the use of additives increases the formation rate of gas
hydrate and its storage density. Inaba et al. [57] reviewed the technologies
used for preventing the agglomeration and the growth of
ice particles in water using a small amount of suitable additives.
These anti-agglomeration additives are found to disperse ice particles
in water at a very low concentration (less than 1 wt.% in water)
without a serious depression in the equilibrium freezing temperature.
The potential of the ice slurries treated with suitable additives
as secondary refrigerants should improve the success of cold
storage, handling and heat exchange.