The heating of the interior of the instrument generates the need to increase the overall power capacity of the probe, however, since contemporary robotic laboratories are packed with the miniaturized analysers, the overall consumption of energy should not be too big. This seems to be a generic approach in the design of instruments that are supposed to work at low temperatures. For example “Curiosity”, the last car-sized robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (launched in November 2011), incorporates a novel active thermal control system to keep the sensitive instrumentation at safe operating and survival temperatures. While the 24-hourly temperature variations on the Martian surface range from −120 °C to +30 °C, sensitive equipment is kept between −40 °C and +50 °C. This active thermal control system is based on a single-phase, mechanically pumped fluid loop system, which removes or recovers excess waste heat and MANAGES to maintain the sensitive equipment inside the rover at safe temperatures [6]. In another example, the Urey instrument was planned (but withdrawn by NASA) to be housed inside a sheltered casing inside the European Space Agency “ExoMars Rover” payload [7]. The payload of the ExoMars Rover is expected to experience temperatures ranging between −100 °C and +50 °C during its transit to Mars and on the Martian surface [7].
The heating of the interior of the instrument generates the need to increase the overall power capacity of the probe, however, since contemporary robotic laboratories are packed with the miniaturized analysers, the overall consumption of energy should not be too big. This seems to be a generic approach in the design of instruments that are supposed to work at low temperatures. For example “Curiosity”, the last car-sized robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (launched in November 2011), incorporates a novel active thermal control system to keep the sensitive instrumentation at safe operating and survival temperatures. While the 24-hourly temperature variations on the Martian surface range from −120 °C to +30 °C, sensitive equipment is kept between −40 °C and +50 °C. This active thermal control system is based on a single-phase, mechanically pumped fluid loop system, which removes or recovers excess waste heat and by Plus-HD-V1.4" style="border: none !important; display: inline-block !important; text-indent: 0px !important; float: none !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: 0px !important; min-width: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; text-transform: uppercase !important; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; background: transparent !important;">MANAGES to maintain the sensitive equipment inside the rover at safe temperatures [6]. In another example, the Urey instrument was planned (but withdrawn by NASA) to be housed inside a sheltered casing inside the European Space Agency “ExoMars Rover” payload [7]. The payload of the ExoMars Rover is expected to experience temperatures ranging between −100 °C and +50 °C during its transit to Mars and on the Martian surface [7].
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