Complicated Contexts: The Domain
of Experts
Complicated contexts, unlike simple ones,
may contain multiple right answers, and
though there is a clear relationship between
cause and effect, not everyone can see it. This
is the realm of “known unknowns.” While
leaders in a simple context must sense, categorize,
and respond to a situation, those in a
complicated context must sense, analyze, and
respond. This approach is not easy and often
requires expertise: A motorist may know that
something is wrong with his car because the
engine is knocking, but he has to take it to a
mechanic to diagnose the problem.
Because the complicated context calls for
investigating several options—many of which
may be excellent—good practice, as opposed to
best practice, is more appropriate. For example,
the customary approach to engineering a