Fingerprints refer to the line pattern of the mastoid section skin
of the human finger on the palm side. Fingerprints have unique
features: each person's fingerprint is different and is not changed
with time, and so can serve as an important means of personal
identification [1]. The characteristics of traces left when one's finger
touches materials make fingerprint traces “evidence of the first”, as
generally acclaimed by the world's judiciary systems [2e4].
Fingerprinting has an increasingly prominent role in criminal
investigation, making it the most direct, quickest and most
convenient way to find and investigate criminals for law enforcement
around the world [5,6]. Fingerprint information plays an
irreplaceable role in terms of forensic authentication for solving
cases, hence the establishment of complete fingerprint databases is
urgently needed in many countries. To build such a database, the
most important issue is to record the fingerprints accurately and
quickly. Currently, fingerprint scanners have three forms: vivo optical,
capacitive and pressure sensitive types. The fingerprint
stamping area can be divided into flat stamped fingerprints and