The prescription to diagnose before taking action is also being violated by some who still use a biological metaphor in explaining their work. The work of Richard and Emily Axlerod and their associates is a good example (R. Axelrod & Axelrod, 2000). They use the language of open systems to describe their process but they don’t really treat organizations as living organisms to be studied. Like most of the newer change processes we are describing, they are interested in inquiry—but that isn’t really so much a diagnostic research process as “asking questions that focus our attention towards deeply felt, collective aspirations, creating hospitable conditions that invite the diversity of the system to step in and take initiative” (E. Axelrod, Cady, & Holman, in press). Their model is more interested in seeing what emerges than defining “what is” to prescribe “what ought to happen.” A similar example is the work of Ralph Stacey (2000, 2007) and his associates at the University of Hertfordshire, who couch their models in the language of complex systems but do not offer prescriptive models of organizational functioning and are highly sensitive to the idiosyncrasies of human experience and sense making.