PKU screening: general organization in France
In France, PKU screening was started by the end of the 1960s and 10 y later, a national organization based on the federation of 23 regional associations was established. Each of the regional associations has a dedicated medical and laboratory team responsible for neonatal screening and management of the screened patients. The national association and the health ministry manage the financial agreement to provide the costs of the screening program and of the special dietary products required for treatment. They also collect the results of the regional screening program and the yearly follow-up of each treated case. About 80 children with HPA are identified each year, among which ∼98% have phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency and two-thirds have PKU requiring a dietary treatment (5).