Clear guidelines and protocols on administration of oral sucrose are needed to ensure consistency between NICUs. The studies reviewed here had different administration regimens and therefore do not provide evidence for standardization. Research is also needed to ascertain any long term effects of early exposure to sugar.
Lack of clear guidelines and minimal research may be a reason why sucrose is not used more as greater emphasis is given to other considerations. For example, the larger literature and professional attention to the promotion of breast feeding and to the effect of early exposure to sugar on dental health and childhood obesity. Further research is needed within the UK to complement the international literature. This needs to consider the local cultural aspects of this practice and implementation recommendations.