By introducing the concept of an “ecosystem approach to fisheries,” the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined humans as members of species
in an ecosystem that have interactions with each other and their environment (Garcia et
al. 2003). If humans are just one of the species in an ecosystem, it is hard to find a model
for EBFM because its objective is the management of human activities, which are now
viewed as behaviour of the individual species in the model. In fact, the FAO ecosystembased
approach to fisheries aims to implement sustainability in fisheries (Food and Agriculture
Organization 2005).